India is not just a land of diverse cultures, languages, and cuisines—it’s also a land of extreme and varied weather. For international students arriving from more temperate climates, the Indian climate can be a genuine shock to the system. From the icy Himalayan winds in the north to the relentless tropical humidity in the south, understanding and preparing for India’s weather is crucial for your health, comfort, and academic success.
This guide breaks down what to expect, how to prepare, and the precautions you need to take, region by region.
The Two India’s: A Tale of Climates
India’s weather is broadly defined by three major seasons: Summer, Monsoon, and Winter. However, how these seasons manifest differs dramatically between the northern and southern halves of the country.
North India (Delhi, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, etc.): The Land of Extremes
North India experiences a continental climate, meaning it has stark contrasts between its seasons.
1.Summer (April – July): This is not just “hot.” This is searing, dry heat. From mid-April onwards, temperatures routinely soar above 40°C (104°F), with peaks of 45-48°C (113-118°F) in cities like Delhi and Jaipur in May and June. The sun is intense, and heatwaves are common. Nights offer little relief.
Preparation: Lightweight, loose, light-colored cotton clothing (kurta-pajamas are ideal), a wide-brimmed hat, high-SPF sunscreen (50+), and a reusable water bottle are non-negotiable. An umbrella is for the sun, not just rain. Ensure your accommodation has a reliable air cooler (desert cooler) or air conditioner.
Precaution: Stay hydrated. Drink water even if you don’t feel thirsty. Avoid strenuous activity during peak afternoon hours (11 AM – 4 PM). Recognize signs of heatstroke: dizziness, headache, rapid pulse.
2.Monsoon (July – September): The monsoon arrives with dramatic thunderstorms, providing relief from the heat. However, humidity shoots up to 80-90%. Rainfall can be heavy, causing waterlogging, traffic chaos, and power cuts in cities.
Preparation: A sturdy umbrella, waterproof shoes/sandals (not sneakers), and a raincoat are essential. Waterproof bags for your electronics and books are a smart investment. Get quick-dry towels and moisture-absorbing packs for your closet to fight mildew.
Precaution: Be vigilant about water and food. Monsoon is peak season for waterborne diseases (typhoid, cholera) and mosquito-borne diseases (dengue, malaria). Drink only filtered/boiled water, eat freshly cooked, hot food, and use a strong mosquito repellent and net.
3.Winter (November – February): Winters are cold and foggy, especially in December and January. Daytime temperatures in Delhi can be a pleasant 15-20°C (59-68°F), but nights and early mornings can drop to 5-8°C (41-46°F), sometimes near freezing. Dense fog disrupts flights and trains.
Preparation: Don’t underestimate this chill. You’ll need layers: thermal innerwear, sweaters, hoodies, a good-quality padded jacket (a “puffer jacket”), socks, and a scarf, hat, and gloves for early mornings. Room heaters are a blessing.
Precaution: The dry, cold air can aggravate asthma and cause skin to chap severely. Use a good moisturizer, lip balm, and a humidifier if needed.
South India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana, etc.): The Tropical Constant
South India experiences a more tropical climate, with humidity being a constant companion and less variation in temperature.
1.Summer (March – June): It is hot, but generally not as extreme as the North. Temperatures range from 30-38°C (86-100°F). The defining feature is high humidity, which makes the heat feel “sticky” and oppressive.
Preparation & Precaution: Light, breathable fabrics like cotton and linen are key. Sweat-wicking clothing can help. Air conditioning or powerful fans are essential. Hydration and sunscreen are just as crucial here.
2.Monsoon: South India has two monsoons! The Southwest Monsoon(June-September) hits the west coast (Kerala, Goa, Karnataka) violently, with very heavy rainfall. The Northeast Monsoon (October-December) brings significant rain to the east coast (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh).
Preparation & Precaution: All monsoon gear from the North India list applies, but you may need sturdier rain gear here. Humidity is at its peak. Mold and fungus grow rapidly on shoes, leather, and walls. Be extra cautious with food and water hygiene.
3.Winter (November – February): This is the most pleasant time. Temperatures are mild, ranging from 20-30°C (68-86°F) during the day, with cooler nights. It feels like a perfect summer day in many Western countries.
Preparation: Light sweaters or a shawl for early mornings and evenings are sufficient. This is the ideal time for travel and exploration.
Annual Weather Breakdown for Major Student Hubs
| City (Region) | Apr-Jun (Summer) | Jul-Sep (Monsoon) | Oct-Mar (Winter/Post-Monsoon) | Key Takeaway for Students |
| Delhi (North) | Extremely Hot & Dry (40-48°C) | Hot & Humid, Heavy Rain | Cold & Foggy (5-20°C) | Prepare for the full spectrum: desert heat to winter chill. |
| Pune (West) | Hot & Dry (30-38°C) | Moderate to Heavy Rain | Pleasant & Mild (12-30°C) | One of the most balanced, comfortable climates in India. |
| Bangalore (South) | Warm (25-35°C) | Moderate Rain (2 monsoons) | Very Pleasant (15-28°C) | Air-conditioned city – rarely extreme, always carry a light jacket. |
| Chennai (Southeast) | Hot & Very Humid (35-40°C) | Heavy Rain (Oct-Dec) | Warm & Humid (20-30°C) | Humidity is the constant enemy. Cotton is your best friend. |
| Kolkata (East) | Hot & Humid (35-40°C) | Very Heavy Rain, Humid | Mild & Pleasant (15-28°C) | “Wet and hot” dominates most of the year. |
| Manipal/Udupi (West Coast) | Hot & Humid (30-36°C) | Extremely Heavy Rain | Warm & Pleasant (20-32°C) | Monsoon is intense; waterproof everything. |
Essential All-India Weather Kit for International Students
1. Health First: Comprehensive health insurance is mandatory. Build a basic medical kit with ORS (for rehydration), anti-allergy pills, antiseptic cream, and medicine for upset stomachs. Get any necessary vaccinations before arrival.
2. The Power Back-Up: A power bank is essential, especially during monsoons and summer when power cuts are frequent.
3. Water Wisdom: Never drink tap water. Invest in a good water purifier for your room or use a reliable bottled water service. Always carry your own bottle when out.
4. Footwear Strategy: Have season-specific footwear: sandals for summer/humidity, waterproof shoes for monsoon, and closed shoes for winter in the north.
5. Mindset Adjustment: Be flexible. Weather can disrupt travel plans (flight delays due to fog, trains slowed by rain). Build buffer time into important travel schedules. Learn to slow down during the peak afternoon heat.
Final Word:
Indian weather is intense, but it’s also a vibrant part of the life experience here. By respecting its extremes and preparing wisely, you can not only stay safe and healthy but also learn to enjoy the unique rhythm of life that each season brings—from enjoying a hot chai on a foggy winter morning to feeling the incredible relief of the first monsoon shower after a brutal summer. Welcome to India, where the weather is as unforgettable as the culture